Adelbert chambers



(No Model!) A. CHAMBERS. APPARATUS FOR TREATING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.

Patented Dec. 17, 1889.

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' UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE;

ADELBERT CHAMBERS, OF TROY, NEWV YORK, ASSIGNOR OF THREE-FOURTHS TO JOHN A. MANNING AND \VILLIAM M. PEOKHAM, BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.417,470, dated December 17, 1889.

Application filed April 20, 1889. Serial No. 307,932. (No model.) 7

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ADELBERT CHAMBERS, a resident of Troy, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Treating Vegetable Substances; and I do hereby declare that the following isa full,'clear, and exact description of the invention, that will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, refer-- ence being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Similar letters refer to similar parts inthe several figures therein.

My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for treating vegetable substances for making paper-stock and it consists of the novel construction and combination of parts hereinafter described, and pointed outin the claims.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a central vertical section of the digesting-reservoir, reliefvalve, and well, showing the pump, pipes, and nozzle in elevation. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the contracted nozzle detached. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of same. Fig. 4 is a central vertical section of the nozzle and supportingelbow with a portion of the connecting-pipe.-

The middle portion of the digester is broken away, and the pipes and relief-valve are somewhat exaggerated in size and form for convenience in illustration.

A is a close shell or digester, provided with the upper man-hole A, through which the substance to be treated for making paper or other stock is introduced, and the lower manhole A from which the material can be removed after treatment. The lower end of the shell is provided with outlet-pipe B and a pipe or well B, located about centrally of the end, also interiorly with a perforated diaphragm, preferably in the form of an inverted frustum of a hollow cone, the end with the smaller diameter being secured to the lower end of the digester and the other end to the vertical wall of the digester, its size'being adapted to fit the interior of such walls, as shown in Fig, 1. V

The object of the perforated diaphragm is to form a pocket- A open to the-outlet-pipe B, and prevent the substance being treated from entering such pocket and pipe, at the same time permitting any liquors or fluid contained within the digester to freely enter such pocket and pipe.

The well B has a valved inlet-pipe B leading from a steam-boiler, (not shown,) and a detachable screw threaded cap B on its lower end, provided with an outlet-pipe B, having a stop-cock B for emptying the well. By detaching the cap the interior of the well is made easily accessible.

The outlet-pipe B leads to a pump 0, and from the pump a similar pipe B leads into the upper end of the digester. A branch pipe B leads from pipe B into the well B, in which it terminates in a contracted nozzle D, arranged to discharge a Vertical jet of liquor centrally of the digester. The nozzle is connected with its supporting-pipe B by an elbow B It will be observed upon inspection of Fig. 3 that the outlet D of the nozzle is much smaller than its inlet D or the connectingpipe B The nozzle is also screw-threaded and provided with the rectangular flange D adapted to receive awrenoh, by which it can be inserted and removed from the elbow B The nozzle being detachable, it is obvious that the nozzles can be changed as desired, and the length of nozzle as well as the degree of contraction of its outlet be varied at will.

The outlet-pipe B may be provided with a stop-cock B and with one or more branches B leading to the source of supply of liquors used in the treatment of substances in the digester, having a stop-cock B The substance to be treated is insert-ed in the digester through the man-holes, the cock B closed, and the cock B opened. The pump being put in operation by suitable power, (not shown,) the required amount of water or other desired liquid is forced into the top and bottom of the digester. After the substance to be treated and the treating-liquors have been deposited in the digester, as explained, or in any known manner,steam is admitted through steam-pipe B until the mass within the di gester is heated to the desired degree. Then, the stop-cock B being open and the stop-cock ICO 13 closed, the operation of the apparatus is as follows: The pump is put in operation and the liquor contained within the digester pumped from the bottom of the digester at a point near its periphery through pipe B and forced through the lower part of pipe B, pipe B and the contracted nozzle D into the central part of the lower end of the digester in the form of a jet or swiftly-flowing stream of liquor.

It is well known that in treating a heated mass of substance with chemical solutions, called eooking,it is desirable to agitate the mass and maintain a circulation of the liquor, lest some parts be cooked too much or burned, while others are insufficiently cooked.

By pumping the liquor from the digester and forcing it in again at the central part of the lower end in the form of a jet surrounded by hot steam, I am able not only to produce a circulating current upward in the center and downward at the sides, due to the difference in temperature at the center and sides, but a much stronger current due to the inertia of the liquor of which the jet is formed, which induces a positive and swift current for a considerable distance up the central part. of the mass. The concussion of the swiftly-flowing stream serves to more quickly break up and disintegrate integral masses and separate clinging fibers, whereby every part of the substance is more quickly and evenly cooked, the necessary chemical action being materially assisted by the mechanical action of the liquor in the form of a jet induced by forcing the liquor through a contracted nozzle under pressure.

The pipe 13 is provided with a relief-valve (1, located intermediately of the branch B and its point of entrance into the upper end of the digester, which may be any known form of relief-valve. I have shown a globevalve, which is a well-known form, the head of the valve being seated at to close the passage-way through the valve. The stem of the valve is adapted to slide in an annular inclosing chamber 01' sleeve secured to or forming a part of the valve and containing the coilspring C. One end of the spring bears against the end of the valve-stein and the other end against the inner end of the screw-threaded stem C The latter stem enters the spring-inclosin g chamber through the cap 0", which is centrally perforated and screw-threaded to receive and lit such stem;

also screw-threaded, as shown, to receive and fit the exteriorly-tln'eaded end of the springinclosing sleeve. By turning the stem C in one direction the spring is compressed and its resilient force presses the valve to its seat. Vhen the stem is turned in the opposite direction, the resilient force of the spring is proportionately lessened. It is only necessary, therefore, to vary such resilient force of the spring to correspondingly vary the amount of passing fluid, the resistance of the valve to the pressure of the fluid being determined by the resilient force of the spring. It is an easy matter, therefore, to vary the relative amounts of fluid forced into the top and bottom of the digester, it only being necessary to turn the stem C of the relief-valve. By opening the relief-valve the internal fluidpressure can at any time be quickly and materially reduced without changing the speed of the pump, thereby avoiding the danger of straining or bursting pressure in case the nozzle should happen to be temporarily obstructed. \Vhen such pressure exceeds the resilient force of the valve-spring, the valve opens automatically to relieve such pressure.

'hat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an apparatus for treating vegetable substances for making paper-stock, the combination, with a digester, of an outlet-pipe leading to a pump, a pump provided with suitable operatiilg-power, a pipe leading from such pump to theintcrior of the digester, and a contracted nozzle upon the inlet-pipe, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus for treating vegetable substances for making paper-stock, the combination, with a digester, of an outlet-pipe leading to a pump, a pump provided with suitable operating-power, a pipe leading from such pump to the upper interior part of the digester and provided with a relief-valve, and a branch pipe leading from such valved pipe intermediate] y of the pump and valve to the lower interior part of the digester and having its discharge-opening throttled or contracted, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 17th day of April, 1889.

ADELBERT (11AM BERS. 

